Ishmael (Isma‘il) and the Ishmaelite Covenant Line
Ishmael, known in the Qur’an as Isma‘il, stands in Abrahamic sacred history as son of Abraham, prophet, covenantal heir, ancestor of a great nation, and witness to prayer, sacrifice, patience, and sacred worship. In the Bible, Ishmael is blessed by God and promised fruitfulness, descendants, princes, and nationhood, though the later covenantal line is centered through Isaac. In the Qur’an, Isma‘il is honored as truthful in promise, a messenger and prophet, and one who enjoined prayer and almsgiving on his people. Through a Qur’an-centered comparative lens, this article reads the Ishmaelite line not as a rejected branch, but as a real Abrahamic covenant line leading toward Makkah, the Ka‘bah, prophetic prayer, and the later mission of Muhammad.









